Page 731

Ming Ding | Information Security and

Privacy Group | Data61, CSIROPrivacy legislation and regulations

•The United States of America (USA)

➢1970 -Fair Credit Reporting Act ( FCRA ): The Act protects information collected by consumer

reporting agencies such as credit bureaus , medical information companies and tenant

screening services . Information in a consumer report cannot be provided to anyone who does not

have a purpose specified in the Act. [Access control methods]

(https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/statutes/fair -credit -reporting -act)

➢1996 -Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act ( HIPAA ): A federal law that required the

creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed

without the patient’s consent or knowledge . The Privacy Rule permits important uses of

information while protecting the privacy of people who seek care and healing. [A stronger access

control mechanism based on explicit user consent]

(https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/hipaa.html )